fa Educational Psychology پژوهشي Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#339966;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:2;"><b>Objective:</b> The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of demographic characteristics (gender, age and education level) on answering styles (extreme, moderate and agree) in personality questionnaires and using advanced models of multidimensional question-answer theory.<br> <b>Methods</b>: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on the data of 17,994 participants who completed the Neo personality questionnaire. Three different models of multidimensional question-answer theory were used for data analysis, and finally, the generalized multidimensional partial validity model was selected as the best model. One-way and two-way analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses.<br> <b>Results</b>: The findings showed that men have a significantly higher extreme and agreeable response style than women. With increasing age, the tendency to extreme response style increases and the tendency to moderate and agreeable styles decreases. Also, higher education levels were associated with more extreme response style and less agreeable response style. Furthermore, a significant interaction between gender and level of education was observed in predicting extreme response style.<br> <b>Conclusions</b>: The results of this research emphasize the importance of considering demographic characteristics in the process of designing, implementing and interpreting personality questionnaires. These findings can lead to increasing measurement accuracy and reducing biases caused by response styles.</span></span></span></span></div> Response styles, Multidimensional question-answer theory, Generalized multidimensional partial validity model 0 0 http://ijer.hormozgan.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-32&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hassan Karimi karimi.hassan@outlook.com 0000-0002-0000-0000 No Department of Psychology, Sav.C., Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran Asghar Minaei as_minaei@yahoo.com 0000-0002-0000-0000 Yes Associate Professor, Department of Educational Measurement, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran Ali Moghadamzade amoghadamzadeh@ut.ac.ir 0000-0002-0000-0000 No Associate Professor, Department of Educational Measurement, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran