Volume 3, Issue 2 (June 2024)
IJER 2024, 3(2): 105-120 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Abidizadegan A, Mousavi S A, Narimani M. (2024). The Comparison of Effectiveness of Gestalt Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotional Schemas and Post-Traumatic Growth. IJER. 3(2), 105-120. doi:10.22034/3.2.105
URL: http://ijer.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.html
URL: http://ijer.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.html
1- Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Busher Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran ,SeyedAsgharMousavi@gmail.com
3- Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran ,
3- Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Abstract: (784 Views)
Objective: The aim of this research was to compare the efficacy of Gestalt therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in enhancing emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth in adolescent girls diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Methods: Employing an experimental design, the study was carried out with a pretest-posttest approach involving a control group, followed by a two-month follow-up period. Using purposive sampling, 60 girls were selected to participate, divided into two experimental groups (each consisting of 20 girls) and a control group (20 girls). The experimental groups received either Gestalt therapy (10 sessions of 90 minutes each) or ACT (10 sessions of 90 minutes each), while the control group did not undergo any intervention and remained on a waiting list. Data collection involved the application of the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview (Foa et al., 1993), Leahy's Emotional Schemas Scale (2002), and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996). Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.
Results: The findings revealed that both therapeutic approaches exhibited a significant impact on emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth in adolescent females with post-traumatic stress disorder during the post-test and follow-up assessments (P<0.05). Moreover, Gestalt therapy demonstrated more pronounced enhancements in emotional schemas, whereas ACT showed greater improvements in post-traumatic growth (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Consequently, it can be deduced from the outcomes of this investigation that Gestalt therapy and ACT present viable treatment options for enhancing emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth among adolescent females grappling with post-traumatic stress disorder within therapeutic environments.
Methods: Employing an experimental design, the study was carried out with a pretest-posttest approach involving a control group, followed by a two-month follow-up period. Using purposive sampling, 60 girls were selected to participate, divided into two experimental groups (each consisting of 20 girls) and a control group (20 girls). The experimental groups received either Gestalt therapy (10 sessions of 90 minutes each) or ACT (10 sessions of 90 minutes each), while the control group did not undergo any intervention and remained on a waiting list. Data collection involved the application of the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview (Foa et al., 1993), Leahy's Emotional Schemas Scale (2002), and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996). Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.
Results: The findings revealed that both therapeutic approaches exhibited a significant impact on emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth in adolescent females with post-traumatic stress disorder during the post-test and follow-up assessments (P<0.05). Moreover, Gestalt therapy demonstrated more pronounced enhancements in emotional schemas, whereas ACT showed greater improvements in post-traumatic growth (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Consequently, it can be deduced from the outcomes of this investigation that Gestalt therapy and ACT present viable treatment options for enhancing emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth among adolescent females grappling with post-traumatic stress disorder within therapeutic environments.
Keywords: Gestalt therapy, Acceptance and commitment therapy, Emotional schemas, Post-traumatic growth, Post-traumatic stress disorder
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Educational Psychology
Received: 2023/08/11 | Accepted: 2024/02/18 | Published: 2024/06/1
Received: 2023/08/11 | Accepted: 2024/02/18 | Published: 2024/06/1
References
1. Angosta, A. D., Reyes, A. T., Cross, C., Pollom, T., & Sood, K. (2021). Cardiovascular disease knowledge, risk factors, and resilience among US veterans with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 33(11), 947-958. [DOI:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000507]
2. Cockram, D. M., Drummond, P. D., & Lee, C. W. (2010). Role and treatment of early maladaptive schemas in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 17(3), 165-182. [DOI:10.1002/cpp.690]
3. Cohen, A. (2003). Gestalt therapy and post-traumatic stress disorder: The irony and the challenge. Gestalt Review, 7(1), 42-55. [DOI:10.5325/gestaltreview.7.1.0042]
4. Cormio, C., Muzzatti, B., Romito, F., Mattioli, V., & Annunziata, M. A. (2017). Posttraumatic growth and cancer: a study 5 years after treatment end. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25, 1087-1096. [DOI:10.1007/s00520-016-3496-4]
5. Davison, K. M., Hyland, C. E., West, M. L., Lin, S., Tong, H., Kobayashi, K. M., & Fuller-Thomson, E. (2021). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults differs by immigrant status and ethnicity, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56, 963-980. [DOI:10.1007/s00127-020-02003-7]
6. Farokhzadian, A. A., Rezaei, F., & Sadeghi, M. (2020). Mediating role of emotional schemas in the relationship between childhood traumas and generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 17(2), 89-101. [DOI:10.22070/cpap.2020.2910]
7. Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993). Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post‐traumatic stress disorder. Journal of traumatic stress, 6(4), 459-473. [DOI:10.1007/BF00974317]
8. Ghaderi, F., Badkhshiyan, S., & Akrami, N. (2019). Factors Affecting Post Traumatic growth in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Phenomenological Study [Research]. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 6(2), 82-89. http://ijrn.ir/article-1-464-fa.html
9. Gholamrezaei, H., Tashvighi, M., Chaghosaz, M., Poormand, Z., & Vaziritabar, H. (2019). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on Reducing Anxiety, Depression, and Post Traumatic Stress in Women Affected by Mate-Marriage. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences, 61(supplment1), 201-210. [DOI:10.22038/mjms.2019.14884]
10. Girgenti, M. J., Wang, J., Ji, D., Cruz, D. A., Stein, M. B., Gelernter, J., . . . Williamson, D. E. (2021). Transcriptomic organization of the human brain in post-traumatic stress disorder. Nature neuroscience, 24(1), 24-33. [DOI:10.1038/s41593-020-00748-7]
11. Gómez-Odriozola, J., & Calvete, E. (2020). Longitudinal bidirectional associations between dispositional mindfulness, maladaptive schemas, and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Mindfulness, 11(8), 1943-1955. [DOI:10.1007/s12671-020-01402-w]
12. Hsieh, Y.-P., Shen, A. C.-T., Hwa, H.-L., Wei, H.-S., Feng, J.-Y., & Huang, S. C.-Y. (2021). Associations between child maltreatment, dysfunctional family environment, post-traumatic stress disorder and children's bullying perpetration in a national representative sample in Taiwan. Journal of family violence, 36, 27-36. [DOI:10.1007/s10896-020-00144-6]
13. Karataş, R. D., Altınöz, A. E., & Eşsizoğlu, A. (2020). Post‐traumatic stress disorder and related factors among female victims of sexual assault required to attend a University Hospital in Turkey: A cross‐sectional cohort study. Criminal behaviour and mental health, 30(2-3), 79-94. [DOI:10.1002/cbm.2145]
14. Kazemipour, A., Mirderikvand, F., & Amraei, K. (2021). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Acceptance and Post-Traumatic Growth in Colorectal Cancer Patients Comorbid with Stress [Original]. Pejouhesh dar Pezeshki (Research in Medicine), 45(3), 38-43. http://pejouhesh.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-2518-fa.html
15. Khanzadeh, M., Idrisi, F., Mohammad Khani, S., & Saidian, M. (2012). Examining the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of emotional schemas scale on students. Studies in Clinical Psychology, 3(11), 91-119.
16. Leahy, R. L. (2012). Introduction: Emotional schemas, emotion regulation, and psychopathology. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(4), 359-361. [DOI:10.1521/ijct.2012.5.4.359]
17. Leahy, R. L. (2019). Introduction: Emotional schemas and emotional schema therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 12(1), 1-4. [DOI:10.1007/s41811-018-0038-5]
18. Mazloom, M., & Yaghubi, H. (2016). Role of Emotion Regulation and Thought Control in Prediction of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(4), 1-10. [DOI:10.22075/jcp.2017.2249]
19. McDowell, A. K., & Simpson, S. A. (2021). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the Emergency Department. Behavioral Emergencies for Healthcare Providers, 123-129. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-52520-0_11]
20. Mohammadi, F., & Hafezian, M. (2019). Effectiveness of Group Gestalt Therapy on Social Anxiety, Test Anxiety and Positive and Negative Affection of Female Students. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 44(11), 13-29. http://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/972481
21. Mousavi, S., Goodarzi, M., & Taghavi, S. M. (2019). Prediction of Post Traumatic Growth based on Gratitude and Perceived Social Support in Women with Blood Cancer. Health Psychology, 8(30), 39-53. [DOI:10.30473/hpj.2019.40332.4008]
22. Naderi, Y., Moradi, A., Ramezanzade, F., & Vaghefinezhad, M. (2016). Emotional Schemas (ESs), Depression and Anxiety in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Patient: As a Risk Factor in PTSD. Clinical Psychology Studies, 6(22), 1-22. [DOI:10.22054/jcps.2016.3888]
23. Peters, J., Bellet, B. W., Jones, P. J., Wu, G. W., Wang, L., & McNally, R. J. (2021). Posttraumatic stress or posttraumatic growth? Using network analysis to explore the relationships between coping styles and trauma outcomes. Journal of anxiety disorders, 78, 102359. [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102359]
24. Romadhon, A. F., & Sanyata, S. (2020). Implementation of gestalt therapy in counseling to overcome parental divorce trauma in adolescents. 2nd International Seminar on Guidance and Counseling 2019 (ISGC 2019), [DOI:10.2991/assehr.k.200814.037]
25. Sloshower, J., Guss, J., Krause, R., Wallace, R. M., Williams, M. T., Reed, S., & Skinta, M. D. (2020). Psilocybin-assisted therapy of major depressive disorder using acceptance and commitment therapy as a therapeutic frame. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 12-19. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.002]
26. Stein, M. B., Levey, D. F., Cheng, Z., Wendt, F. R., Harrington, K., Pathak, G. A., . . . Girgenti, M. J. (2021). Genome-wide association analyses of post-traumatic stress disorder and its symptom subdomains in the Million Veteran Program. Nature genetics, 53(2), 174-184. [DOI:10.1038/s41588-020-00767-x]
27. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). " Posttraumatic growth: conceptual foundations and empirical evidence". Psychological inquiry, 15(1), 1-18. [DOI:10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01]
28. Viskovich, S., & Pakenham, K. I. (2020). Randomized controlled trial of a web‐based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) program to promote mental health in university students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 929-951. [DOI:10.1002/jclp.22848]
29. Vizeh, M., Kazemnejad, A., Afrasiabi, S., Hassan, M., Rouyhi, M., & Habibzadeh, S. (2012). Prevalance of post traumatic stress disorder after childbirth and its precipitating factors.
30. Werner, H., Young, C., Hakeberg, M., & Wide, U. (2020). A behavioural intervention for young adults with dental caries, using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT): treatment manual and case illustration. BMC Oral Health, 20, 1-8. [DOI:10.1186/s12903-020-01213-4]
31. Wharton, E., Edwards, K. S., Juhasz, K., & Walser, R. D. (2019). Acceptance-based interventions in the treatment of PTSD: Group and individual pilot data using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 55-64. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.09.006]
32. Yu, J., Lee, K., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Understanding the influence of the perceived risk of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the post-traumatic stress disorder and revisit intention of hotel guests. Journal of hospitality and tourism management, 46, 327-335. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.01.010]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International. |
