Volume 3, Issue 4 (December 2024)
IJER 2024, 3(4): 299-322 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Koochacki R, Sharafzadeh M H, Zare A. (2024). Acoustic Representation of Prosodic Cues during the Production of Persian Irony and Sarcasm in Spontaneous Discourse. IJER. 3(4), 299-322. doi:10.22034/3.4.299
URL: http://ijer.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html
URL: http://ijer.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html
1- Ph.D. Student, Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran. ,h-sharafzadeh@gmail.com
3- Assistant Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran. ,
3- Assistant Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
Abstract: (294 Views)
Objective: The present study has tackled to assess the interaction between lexical-syntactic and prosodic cues of irony, and the fact that how the cues are represented during the production of irony and sarcasm (as one of highly functional irony subtypes) in spontaneous discourse through an auditory modality.
Methods: For this purpose, spontaneously produced ironic and non-ironic (baseline) utterances via pairs of friends in conversational dyads during and after watching video stimuli were elicited and analyzed for pragmatic, prosodic contrasts. Thereupon any pragmatic strategies (irony subtypes), the observed lexical-syntactic cues accompanied by the prosodic features of the target utterances coded considering TOBI system and using Praat software, were annotated manually in different ELAN tiers.
Results: The statistic results showed higher values of auditory characteristics in ironic utterances versus baseline utterances. The ultimate probing indicated that the prosodic cues, in production task of Persian irony, operate together as a single system and contribute to intelligibility and detection of an ironic speech even in the absence of verbal markers. Furthermore, there were no correlated patterns between certain types of irony and certain pitch patterns and intonational contours.
Conclusions: The results of the present research can be used in Persian language classes in schools and universities.
Methods: For this purpose, spontaneously produced ironic and non-ironic (baseline) utterances via pairs of friends in conversational dyads during and after watching video stimuli were elicited and analyzed for pragmatic, prosodic contrasts. Thereupon any pragmatic strategies (irony subtypes), the observed lexical-syntactic cues accompanied by the prosodic features of the target utterances coded considering TOBI system and using Praat software, were annotated manually in different ELAN tiers.
Results: The statistic results showed higher values of auditory characteristics in ironic utterances versus baseline utterances. The ultimate probing indicated that the prosodic cues, in production task of Persian irony, operate together as a single system and contribute to intelligibility and detection of an ironic speech even in the absence of verbal markers. Furthermore, there were no correlated patterns between certain types of irony and certain pitch patterns and intonational contours.
Conclusions: The results of the present research can be used in Persian language classes in schools and universities.
Keywords: Production of Irony, Sarcasm, Pragmatic Strategies, Prosodic Features, Intonational Contours, Spontaneous Discourse
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Educational Studies
Received: 2023/12/12 | Accepted: 2024/09/27 | Published: 2024/12/1
Received: 2023/12/12 | Accepted: 2024/09/27 | Published: 2024/12/1
References
1. Adachi, T. (1996). "Sarcasm in Japanese," Studies in Language19, 1-36. [DOI:10.1075/sl.20.1.02ada]
2. Attardo, S., Eisterhold, J., Hay, J. & Poggi, I. (2003). "Multimodal markers of irony and sarcasm". Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 16(2): 243-260. [DOI:10.1515/humr.2003.012]
3. Bryant, G. & Fox Tree, J. (2002). "Recognizing Verbal Irony in Spontaneous Speech". Metaphor and Symbol, 17(2): 99-117. [DOI:10.1207/S15327868MS1702_2]
4. Bryant, G. A. (2005). "Is there an Ironic Tone of Voice?" Language and speech, 48: 257-277. [DOI:10.1177/00238309050480030101]
5. Bryant, G. A. (2010). Prosodic contrasts in ironic speech. Discourse Processes 47 (7), 545-566. [DOI:10.1080/01638530903531972]
6. Capelli, C. A., Nakagawa, N. and Madden, C. M. (1990). "How children understand sarcasm: the role of context and intonation". Child Development, 61, 1824-1841. [DOI:10.2307/1130840]
7. Cheang, H.S. & Pell, M. D. (2009). Acoustic markers of sarcasm in Cantonese and English. [DOI:10.1121/1.3177275]
8. Cheang, H.S. & Pell, M. D. (2008). "The sound of sarcasm". Speech Communication, 50(5): 366-381. [DOI:10.1016/j.specom.2007.11.003]
9. Culpeper, J. (1996). Towards an anatomy of impoliteness. Journal of pragmatics, 25, 349-367. [DOI:10.1016/0378-2166(95)00014-3]
10. Cutler, A. (1974). On saying what you mean without meaning what you say. In: LaGaly, M.W., Fox, R.A., Bruck, A. (eds.). Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago, IL, pp. 117-127.
11. Cutler, A. (1976) Spoken language: dynamic and changing. Journal de Psychologie Normale et Pathologique 73 (3-4), pp. 273-304.
12. Cutler, A. (1976). Beyond parsing and lexical look-up: an enriched description of auditory sentence comprehension. In: Wales, R.J., Walker, E. (eds.). Dik, S.C., Kooij, J.G. (eds.), North Holland Linguistic Series, vol. 30, pp. 133-149. North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
13. Fónagy, I. (1971). "Synthèse de l'ironie. Analyse par la synthèse de l'intonation motivée". Phonetica 23(1) : 42-51. [DOI:10.1159/000259330]
14. Gibbs, R. W. (2000). Irony in talk among friends. Metaphor and Symbol 15, 5-27. [DOI:10.1080/10926488.2000.9678862]
15. Haiman, J. (1998). "Talk is cheap: Sarcasm, alienation, and the evolution of language". USA: Oxford University Press. [DOI:10.1093/oso/9780195115246.001.0001]
16. Haverkate, H. (1990). A speech act analysis of irony. Journal of Pragmatics Volume 14, Issue 1, February 1990, Pages 77-109. [DOI:10.1016/0378-2166(90)90065-L]
17. Ladd, D. R. (1978). The structure of intonational meaning: Evidence from English. Indiana University press: Bloomington and London, 198, 1980. Reviewed by Jill House, University College London.
18. Ladd, D. R. (1996/2008). "Intonational Phonology". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511808814]
19. Laval, V. and Bert-Erboul, A. (2005). "French-speaking children's understanding of sarcasm: The role of intonation and context". Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 48(3): 610- 620. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/042)]
20. Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
21. Loevenbruck, H., Ben Jannet, M. A. (2013). Prosodic cues of sarcastic speech in French: slower, higher, wider. 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech 2013), Aug 2013, Lyon, France. Proceedings of Interspeech, pp.3537-3541. [DOI:10.21437/Interspeech.2013-761]
22. Rockwell, P. (2000a). "Lower, slower, louder: Vocal cues of sarcasm," J. Psycholinguist. Res.29, 483-495.
23. Rockwell, P. (2000b). "Actors', partners', and observers' perceptions of sarcasm," Percept. Mot. Skills 9, 665-668. [DOI:10.2466/pms.2000.91.2.665]
24. Rockwell, P. (2005). "Sarcasm on television talk shows: Determining speaker intent through verbal and nonverbal cues," in Psychology of Moods, edited by A.Clark(Nova Science, New York), pp. 109-140.
25. Sharrer, L. and Christman, U. (2011). "Voice Modulations in German Ironic Speech". Language & Speech, 54(4): 435-465. [DOI:10.1177/0023830911402608]
26. Voyer, D. & Techentin, C. (2010). Subjective Auditory Features of Sarcasm. Journal of Metaphor and Symbol. Philadelphia. Volume 25, 2010 - Issue 4. Pages 227-242. [DOI:10.1080/10926488.2010.510927/.]
27. Wichmann, A. (2000) Intonation in Text and Discourse. Pearson Education, London.
28. Wichmann, A. (2000).The attitudinal effects of prosody, and how they relate to emotion. Journal of speech and emotion. Newcastle, Northern Irland, UK.
29. Winner, E, and Leekman, S.(1991). "Distinguishing irony from deception: Understanding the speaker's second-order intention," Br. J.Dev.Psychol.9, 257-270. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1991.tb00875.x]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International. |
