Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2026)
IJER 2026, 5(2): 0-0 |
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Mehnani M, Esmaeilishad B, Afrassiabi R, Shafipour Motlagh F. (2026). Construction and Validation of the “Wise Educational Leaders” Audit Questionnaire. IJER. 5(2),
URL: http://ijer.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-565-en.html
URL: http://ijer.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-565-en.html
1- Department of Educational Sciences, Boj. C., Islamic Azad University, Bojnord, Iran
2- Department of Educational Sciences, Boj. C., Islamic Azad University, Bojnord, Iran ,esmaeili@bojnourdiau.ac.ir
3- Department of Educational Administration, Maha. C., Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran
2- Department of Educational Sciences, Boj. C., Islamic Azad University, Bojnord, Iran ,
3- Department of Educational Administration, Maha. C., Islamic Azad University, Mahallat, Iran
Abstract: (38 Views)
Objective: The primary aim of this research was to validate an audit questionnaire specifically designed for wise educational leaders.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative and descriptive research design. The statistical population consisted of all school principals in Bojnurd city during the 2024-2025 academic year who possessed at least 20 years of service experience. Sampling was conducted using a simple random method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire for auditing the wisdom of educational leaders, which was initially developed based on qualitative interviews. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through face and content validity, while reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using first-order and second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Results: Overall, the findings indicated that all nine dimensions exhibited significant factor loadings at the level.
Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the studied model possesses a relatively desirable goodness-of-fit, confirming the questionnaire’s efficacy as a valid tool for auditing wise educational leadership.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative and descriptive research design. The statistical population consisted of all school principals in Bojnurd city during the 2024-2025 academic year who possessed at least 20 years of service experience. Sampling was conducted using a simple random method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire for auditing the wisdom of educational leaders, which was initially developed based on qualitative interviews. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through face and content validity, while reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using first-order and second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Results: Overall, the findings indicated that all nine dimensions exhibited significant factor loadings at the level.
Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the studied model possesses a relatively desirable goodness-of-fit, confirming the questionnaire’s efficacy as a valid tool for auditing wise educational leadership.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Educational Studies
Received: 2026/01/11 | Accepted: 2026/04/7 | Published: 2026/06/1
Received: 2026/01/11 | Accepted: 2026/04/7 | Published: 2026/06/1
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