1- Master's student, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran ,s.keshavarz@soc.ikiu.ac.ir
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran ,
3- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
Abstract: (4 Views)
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adolescents' perceptions of parenting styles and cognitive emotion regulation, with cognitive flexibility serving as a mediating variable.
Methods: This basic, descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consisted of all adolescents aged 12–17 years in Qazvin, Iran, in 2025 (1404 SH). A total of 135 participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), the Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1991), and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3.
Results: The findings revealed significant relationships between perceived parenting styles and cognitive emotion regulation. The authoritative parenting style was positively associated with both cognitive emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility, whereas authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were negatively associated with cognitive emotion regulation. Positive cognitive emotion regulation showed a significant positive relationship with cognitive flexibility, while negative cognitive emotion regulation was negatively related to cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that cognitive flexibility significantly mediated the relationship between perceived parenting styles and cognitive emotion regulation.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that adolescents' perceptions of parenting styles influence cognitive emotion regulation indirectly by enhancing cognitive flexibility. The proposed structural model demonstrated satisfactory fit and strong explanatory power for the relationships among the study variables.
Methods: This basic, descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consisted of all adolescents aged 12–17 years in Qazvin, Iran, in 2025 (1404 SH). A total of 135 participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), the Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1991), and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS version 3.
Results: The findings revealed significant relationships between perceived parenting styles and cognitive emotion regulation. The authoritative parenting style was positively associated with both cognitive emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility, whereas authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were negatively associated with cognitive emotion regulation. Positive cognitive emotion regulation showed a significant positive relationship with cognitive flexibility, while negative cognitive emotion regulation was negatively related to cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that cognitive flexibility significantly mediated the relationship between perceived parenting styles and cognitive emotion regulation.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that adolescents' perceptions of parenting styles influence cognitive emotion regulation indirectly by enhancing cognitive flexibility. The proposed structural model demonstrated satisfactory fit and strong explanatory power for the relationships among the study variables.
Keywords: Perceived parenting styles, Cognitive emotional regulation, Cognitive flexibility, Adolescents
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